�� [��]

��

02-19-2011, 07:24 PM

��

��

��:

�� .

�� ɡ �� . �� (��) �� (�� 1) �� .

�� ʡ� �� (�� 2).

�� (�� ) �� .

https://www.your-doctor.net/images/GIT/PUD/lining.gif (https://www.your-doctor.net/images/GIT/PUD/lining.gif)

��

�� ʡ �� .
�� ɡ��ϡ ��ӡ ��

https://www.your-doctor.net/images/GIT/GUT/GIT.jpg (https://www.your-doctor.net/images/GIT/GUT/GIT.jpg)

�� :

��

�� Bicarbonate Fluid
��

�� Salivary Amylase
�� (��) ��

https://www.your-doctor.net/images/GIT/Gut/salivary.jpg (https://www.your-doctor.net/images/GIT/Gut/salivary.jpg)

��

��
��

�� Pepsin
��

�� Gastric Lipase
��

��Mucus
��

�� Intrinsic Factor
�� -12��

��

�� Bile Acids
��

��

�� Cholesterol
��

�� Immunoglobulins
��

�� Mucus
��

��

�� HCO3
��

�� Water & Electrolytes
� ��

��Amylase
�� (��) ��

�� Lipases
��

�� Proteases
��

https://www.your-doctor.net/images/GIT/Gut/stomach.jpg (https://www.your-doctor.net/images/GIT/Gut/stomach.jpg)

�� :

�� :

�� Fe
��

�� -12 B-12
��

�� Bile Acids
��

�� Water & Electrolytes
�� 90% ��

�� Carbohydrates
�� .

�� Protein
��

��Fats
��

https://www.your-doctor.net/images/GIT/Gut/intestine.jpg (https://www.your-doctor.net/images/GIT/Gut/intestine.jpg)

�� :

�� : �� .

�� Insulin
�� (�� )

�� Gastrin
��

�� Secretin
�� ɡ� ��

�� Motilin
��

�� : ��

��
Substance P
��

�� .

�.�.� CCK
��

�� Somatostatin
��

�� Neurotensin
��

�� :

�� : �� .

�� Acetylcholine
�� (�� ) ��

�� Adrenaline
��

https://www.your-doctor.net/images/GIT/Gut/nerve_supply.jpg (https://www.your-doctor.net/images/GIT/Gut/nerve_supply.jpg)

�� : �� .

��

��

��

��

��

02-22-2011, 11:28 AM

https://www8.0zz0.com/2010/10/22/23/316260864.gif

��

02-22-2011, 03:31 PM

https://www.up.mobi4all.net/v_imgs/09-09/4aa4d2e91dacf331364aa4d2e91deb60.gif

��

03-27-2011, 04:56 PM

��
��

��

04-10-2011, 08:27 AM

��
��

��

04-11-2011, 07:09 AM

la��
��

��

04-11-2011, 08:47 PM

��

04-26-2011, 08:35 PM

��